this is an outline for my paper. please write a 15 pages paper for it.
on french revolution– omit its evolution from the initial moderate phase to the radical phase of the Reign of Terror.
Science and Religion during the Enlightenment Period.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Enlightenment, also referred to as the Age of Reason, maybe best described as a philosophical and intellectual campaign, which influenced the world of concepts in Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Lenman, 3).
1. The Age of Reason grew out of a European scholarly, and intellectual movement referred to as Renaissance humanism.
B. The Enlightenment era comprised of a range of advanced ideas in science and religion commentary.
II. SCIENCE IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
A. Science played a crucial role in Enlightenment thought and discourse.
1. A majority of Enlightenment thinkers and writers had backgrounds in the sciences, and they linked scientific developments with the overrun of traditional power and religion in favor of free thought and speech.
2. The scientific advancement in this period comprised of the discovery of CO2 (fixed air) by Joseph Black (a chemist), the condensing steam engine by James Watt, and the proposition for deep time by James Hutton (a geologist).
3. Lavoisier experiments were utilized to make the inaugural modern chemical plants in Paris. In 1782, the Montgolfier Brothers experiments allowed them to invent the first human crewed-flight in a hot-air balloon (Lenman).
III. RELIGION IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT ERA
A. The Enlightenment period religious criticism was a reaction to the earlier religious rivalry in Europe, particularly, the Thirty Years’ War (Jacob, pp.1-72).
1. Theologians in this period wanted to transform their faith to its non-adversarial pedigree and to restrict the ability for the religious dispute to spill over into warfare and politics while stile upholding a true belief in God.
a. For a majority of Christians, therefore, this implied a return to simple Scripture. John Locke left the bulk of theological criticism in favor of “unbiased assessment” of the Word of God (Locke, pp. 5-55). Locke determined the nature of Christianity to be a faith in Christ, the redeemer, and suggested avoiding more detailed criticism.
IV. THE IMPACT OF FRENCH REVOLUTION ON SCIENCE AND RELIGION
A. The most significant effects came in France itself.
1. The Revolution resulted in the freedom of association that allowed the establishment of societies to promote scientific knowledge (Acemoglu, Cantoni, and Johnson, 3286).
2. France introduced the decree of legal impartiality, and down of the once vibrant and influential Catholic Church to a division managed by the state.
Works Cited
Acemoglu, Daron, et al. “The Consequences of Radical Reform: The French Revolution .” he American Economic Review (2011): 101(7): 3286-3307.
Jacob, Margaret. The Enlightenment: A Brief History with Documents (The Bedford Series in History and Culture). New York, NY: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2000.
Lenman, Bruce. Integration and Enlightenment: Scotland, 1746-1832 (New History of Scotland). Edinburgh, Scotland.: Edinburgh University Press, 1993.
Locke, John. The Reasonableness of Christianity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1695.
